Aims: Our aim was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and the Hong Kong general population to identify how the mode of dialysis and other factors were associated with HRQOL.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 253 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 103 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients recruited in 2014-2015. Their HRQOL was evaluated using Kidney Disease and Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) sub-scale scores and the Short Form-6 Dimensions (SF-6D) health preference score. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the difference in mean KDQOL-36 and SF-6D scores among PD patients, HD patients, and an exact age- and sex-matched general population. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to evaluate factors associated with the KDQOL-36 and SF-6D scores.
Results: The physical HRQOL of ESRD patients on dialysis was worse than that of the age- and sex-matched general population (38.4 vs. 49.6), but mental HRQOL was similar (50.7 vs. 52.0). After adjusting for all baseline characteristics, male subjects was associated with higher physical component summary (PCS), SF-6D, and symptom scores. A higher level of education (secondary or tertiary) was associated with higher mental component summary (MCS), SF-6D, symptom, and effects scores. Patients who were female, younger, married, and less educated and had a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and did not achieve target hemoglobin and albumin levels were associated with poorer HRQOL outcomes.
Conclusions: HD was associated with a greater negative impact of ESRD on daily lives than was PD, which may be a consideration when deciding on the dialysis modality for first-line renal replacement therapy. To improve HRQOL among patients on maintenance dialysis, more attention should be paid to those with demographic risk factors, preventing CVD, and meeting clinical dialysis outcome targets such as hemoglobin and albumin levels.