Stunning and Right Ventricular Dysfunction Is Induced by Coronary Balloon Occlusion and Rapid Pacing in Humans: Insights From Right Ventricular Conductance Catheter Studies

J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Jun 6;6(6):e005820. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005820.

Abstract

Background: We sought to determine whether right ventricular stunning could be detected after supply (during coronary balloon occlusion [BO]) and supply/demand ischemia (induced by rapid pacing [RP] during transcatheter aortic valve replacement) in humans.

Methods and results: Ten subjects with single-vessel right coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with normal ventricular function were studied in the BO group. Ten subjects undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement were studied in the RP group. In both, a conductance catheter was placed into the right ventricle, and pressure volume loops were recorded at baseline and for intervals over 15 minutes after a low-pressure BO for 1 minute or a cumulative duration of RP for up to 1 minute. Ischemia-induced diastolic dysfunction was seen 1 minute after RP (end-diastolic pressure [mm Hg]: 8.1±4.2 versus 12.1±4.1, P<0.001) and BO (end-diastolic pressure [mm Hg]: 8.1±4.0 versus 8.7±4.0, P=0.03). Impairment of systolic and diastolic function after BO remained at 15-minutes recovery (ejection fraction [%]: 55.7±9.0 versus 47.8±6.3, P<0.01; end-diastolic pressure [mm Hg]: 8.1±4.0 versus 9.2±3.9, P<0.01). Persistent diastolic dysfunction was also evident in the RP group at 15-minutes recovery (end-diastolic pressure [mm Hg]: 8.1±4.1 versus 9.9±4.4, P=0.03) and there was also sustained impairment of load-independent indices of systolic function at 15 minutes after RP (end-systolic elastance and ventriculo-arterial coupling [mm Hg/mL]: 1.25±0.31 versus 0.85±0.43, P<0.01).

Conclusions: RP and right coronary artery balloon occlusion both cause ischemic right ventricular dysfunction with stunning observed later during the procedure. This may have intraoperative implications in patients without right ventricular functional reserve.

Keywords: myocardial; percutaneous coronary intervention; rapid pacing; right ventricular dysfunction; stunning; transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / diagnosis
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / physiopathology
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / surgery*
  • Balloon Occlusion / adverse effects*
  • Cardiac Catheterization / adverse effects*
  • Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / adverse effects*
  • Coronary Artery Disease / diagnosis
  • Coronary Artery Disease / physiopathology
  • Coronary Artery Disease / therapy*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Myocardial Stunning / diagnosis
  • Myocardial Stunning / etiology*
  • Myocardial Stunning / physiopathology
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / adverse effects
  • Recovery of Function
  • Risk Factors
  • Stroke Volume
  • Time Factors
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / adverse effects
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / diagnosis
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / etiology*
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / physiopathology
  • Ventricular Function, Right*
  • Ventricular Pressure