1,4-Diphosphinines from Imidazole-2-thiones

Abstract

1,4-Diphosphinines that are fused to two thiourea units were synthesized from the corresponding tricyclic 1,4-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines, and their structures and spectroscopic features are described. Electrochemical studies revealed very low oxidation potentials, which are due to the effective π-interaction between the 1,4-diphosphinine ring and the orbitals of the two ylidic C=S bonds. In accordance with the low-lying LUMO, which is largely localized at the two phosphorus centers, dianion formation is strongly preferred. Despite the small HOMO-LUMO gap, which is in accordance with the red color of the title compounds, theoretical calculations suggest considerable aromaticity for the 1,4-diphosphinine ring.

Keywords: aromaticity; cyclic voltammetry; density functional calculations; dihydrodiphosphinines; diphosphinines.