Background and objectives: Bisoprolol is a selective beta adrenergic antagonist commonly used in treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of our analysis was to estimate and identify different factors that could affect bisoprolol clearance (CL) and develop a population pharmacokinetic model in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by using sixty-six plasma concentrations from the same number of patients (mean age 60.26 ± 9.68 years; mean total body weight 80.37 ± 12.93 kg) with CAD. We examined the effects of various clinical and demographic parameters using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) with ADVAN1 with TRANS2 subroutine. The pharmacokinetics of bisoprolol in patients with CAD were suitably defined by an oral one-compartment model.
Results: The typical mean value for bisoprolol CL, estimated by the base model, in the target population was 6.76 l/h. The only demographic covariate which affected bisoprolol pharmacokinetic variability was creatinine clearance (CLcr). The final model of bisoprolol clearance was described by following equation: CL (l/h) = 2.83 + 0.0385 × CLcr (ml/min). Validation of the final model was performed in a group of 17 patients using the validation set and bootstrapping analysis.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that one of the causes of clearance of bisoprolol variability in patients with CAD is the difference in renal function.