Perioperative use of beta-blockers in vascular and endovascular surgery

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of General Surgery, North Manchester General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK.
• ² Department of General Surgery, Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan, UK.
• ³ Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
• ⁴ Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
• ⁵ Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Royal Oldham Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK.