Hair Coloring, Stress, and Smoking Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Mostafa Dianatinasab; Mohammad Fararouei; Mohammad Mohammadianpanah; Mohammad Zare-Bandamiri; Abbas Rezaianzadeh

doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2017.04.012

Hair Coloring, Stress, and Smoking Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Clin Breast Cancer. 2017 Dec;17(8):650-659. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.04.012. Epub 2017 May 5.

Authors

Mostafa Dianatinasab¹, Mohammad Fararouei², Mohammad Mohammadianpanah³, Mohammad Zare-Bandamiri⁴, Abbas Rezaianzadeh⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
² Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: fararooei@gmail.com.
³ Colorectal Research Center, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Colorectal Research Center, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

PMID: 28549689
DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.04.012

Abstract

Purpose: Epidemiologic characteristics of breast cancer in Iran are significantly different from those in the West and even other regional countries, but little is known about the related factors.

Patients and methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 1052 women (526 new cases and 526 controls). Logistic regression was performed to investigate associations of study factors with breast cancer risk.

Results: This study introduced occupation (odds ratio [OR]_{employed/household}, 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.69), marital age (OR_{24-30 y/< 18 y}, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.03-4.40), age at first delivery (OR_{≥ 30 y/< 18 y}, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.73-7.18), parity (OR_{1-2/Nulliparous or never married}, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.13-6.02), birth interval (OR_{30-50 mos/< 18 mos}, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.45-3.89), lifetime breastfeeding (OR_{≥ 42 mos/< 6 mos}, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.77), and menarche age (year) (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.96) as significant associates of breast cancer. In addition, body mass index (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11) and some health-related behaviors including hair coloring on a regular basis (OR_yes/no, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.41-2.62), smoking (OR_yes/no, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22-3.34), oral contraceptive usage (OR_ever/never. 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-2.04), physical inactivity (OR_{inactive/regular activity}, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.39-1.75), past life stress (OR_{often stressful/often calm}, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.62-3.56), and regular bedtime (OR_{often regular/no}, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.19-0.54) were related to a higher risk of breast cancer.

Conclusion: This study revealed a significant number of factors that seem to contribute to the risk of breast cancer even more than the other previously introduced factors.

Keywords: BMI; Bed time; Breast feeding; Iran; Risk factors.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Age Factors
Breast Neoplasms / epidemiology*
Case-Control Studies
Female
Hair Dyes
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Iran / epidemiology
Middle Aged
Risk Factors
Smoking / epidemiology*
Stress, Psychological / epidemiology*

Substances

Hair Dyes