In recent years, the role of miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation has provided new insights into the understanding of several types of cancers and neurological disorders. Although miRNA research has gathered great momentum since its discovery, traditional biological methods for finding miRNA genes and targets continue to remain a huge challenge due to the laborious tasks and extensive time involved. Fortunately, advances in computational methods have yielded considerable improvements in miRNA studies. This literature review briefly discusses recent machine learning-based techniques applied in the discovery of miRNAs, prediction of miRNA targets, and inference of miRNA functions. We also discuss the limitations of how these approaches have been elucidated in previous studies.
Keywords: Data mining; Functional miRNA-mRNA regulatory modules; MRMs; Machine learning; MicroRNA; Target prediction; mRNA; miRNA functional annotation; miRNA gene identification; miRNA regulatory network modules; miRNA target prediction.