Phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Toxotrypanini (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on molecular characters

Ximo Mengual; Peter Kerr; Allen L Norrbom; Norman B Barr; Matthew L Lewis; Anna M Stapelfeldt; Sonja J Scheffer; Patrick Woods; Md-Sajedul Islam; Cheslavo A Korytkowski; Keiko Uramoto; Erick J Rodriguez; Bruce D Sutton; Norma Nolazco; Gary J Steck; Stephen Gaimari

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.011

Phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Toxotrypanini (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on molecular characters

Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2017 Aug:113:84-112. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.011. Epub 2017 May 21.

Authors

Ximo Mengual¹, Peter Kerr², Allen L Norrbom³, Norman B Barr⁴, Matthew L Lewis⁵, Anna M Stapelfeldt⁵, Sonja J Scheffer⁵, Patrick Woods², Md-Sajedul Islam⁶, Cheslavo A Korytkowski⁷, Keiko Uramoto⁸, Erick J Rodriguez⁹, Bruce D Sutton¹⁰, Norma Nolazco¹¹, Gary J Steck⁹, Stephen Gaimari²

Affiliations

¹ Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, c/o Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Electronic address: x.mengual@zfmk.de.
² California State Collection of Arthropods, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Rd., Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA.
³ Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, c/o Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
⁴ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Mission Laboratory, USDA-APHIS, Moore Air Base, 22675 N. Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA.
⁵ Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
⁶ Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
⁷ Departamento de Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama.
⁸ Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 9, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
⁹ Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry/Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
¹¹ Centro de Diagnostico de Sanidad Vegetal, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria, Av. La Molina 1915, La Molina, Peru.

PMID: 28539260
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.011

Abstract

Current hypotheses of relationship among the species of the fruit fly genera Anastrepha and Toxotrypana are tested using sequence data from six DNA regions: the mitochondrial regions 16S, CAD, and COI, and the nuclear regions EF1a, PER, and PGD. DNA sequences were obtained from 146 species of Anastrepha, representing 19 of the 21 species groups as well as five of the six clades of the robusta group, and four species of Toxotrypana in addition to species of Hexachaeta, Pseudophorellia, Alujamyia, and 13 other tephritid genera used as outgroups. The results indicate that Hexachaeta is more closely related to the Molynocoelia group than to Toxotrypana and Anastrepha, and it is removed from the tribe Toxotrypanini. The group Anastrepha+Toxotrypana and the genus Toxotrypana are strongly supported as monophyletic, consistent with previous studies, but Toxotrypana arises within Anastrepha, confirming that Anastrepha as currently defined is paraphyletic. The placement of Toxotrypana within Anastrepha is clearly defined for the first time with high support, as the sister group to the cryptostrepha clade of the robusta group of Anastrepha. Within Anastrepha, the daciformis, dentata, leptozona, raveni, and striata species groups are highly supported clades. The serpentina group is recognized with lower support, and the fraterculus and pseudoparallela groups are supported with minor alterations. The robusta group is resolved as polyphyletic, but four of the six species clades within it are recovered monophyletic (one clade is not represented and another is represented by one species). The punctata and panamensis groups are resolved together in a clade. At least some species of the mucronota group are related, however this group requires further study. The benjamini, grandis, and spatulata groups appear to be polyphyletic. Relationships among the species groups are generally poorly resolved, with the following exceptions: (1) the lineage including Toxotrypana, the cryptostrepha clade, and the tripunctata group; (2) the sister group relationship of the daciformis+dentata groups; (3) a clade comprising the punctata and panamensis groups; and (4) the large clade comprising the pseudoparallela+spatulata+ramosa+grandis+serpentina+striata+fraterculus groups.

Keywords: Anastrepha; Molecular phylogeny; Monophyly; Species group; Systematics; Toxotrypana.

MeSH terms

Animals
Likelihood Functions
Models, Biological
Phylogeny*
Tephritidae / classification*
Tephritidae / genetics*