Several strategies to reduce and control the HIV reservoir are being evaluating to achieve the great challenge of HIV remission or functional cure. Some of these are based on immune and gene therapy, or in the use of agents with latency reversing properties. Moreover, acute HIV infection and the impact of early antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation is another key issue of current research. It has been demonstrated that ART initiation during acute HIV infection minimizes the establishment of the latent HIV reservoir. Therefore, early ART initiation might delay viral rebound following treatment interruption and might potentially induce a post-treatment controller state. In this regard, new interesting data were presented at CROI 2017, recently held in Seattle.