Sonochemical synthesis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dicalcium porous microspheres and their application in promotion of osteogenic differentiation

Abstract

Human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have the ability to differentiate into bone and cartilage for clinical bone regeneration. Biomaterials with an innate ability to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs into bone and cartilage are considered attractive candidates for the applications in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. In this paper, we synthesized fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dicalcium (Ca₂FBP) porous microspheres by the sonochemical method, and investigated the ability of Ca₂FBP for the promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. After the hBMSCs were co-cultured with the sterilized powder of Ca₂FBP porous microspheres for different times, the cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase activity assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to investigate the bioactivity and osteogenic differentiation performance of the as-prepared product. Compared with hydroxyapatite nanorods, Ca₂FBP porous microspheres show a superior bioactivity and osteoinductive potential, and can promote the cell differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro, thus, they are promising for applications in the tissue engineering field such as dental and bone defect repair.

Keywords: Bone regeneration; Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dicalcium; Mesenchymal stem cells; Osteogenic differentiation; Porous microspheres; Sonochemical.