Protein and energy intake improved by breakfast intervention in hospital

Abstract

Background/aim: Undernutrition affects about 40% of patients in hospitals. Ordinary food is recommended as the first choice to prevent and correct undernutrition. Meanwhile, sufficient intake, especially regarding protein, is difficult to reach, in patients at nutritional risk. The aim of this study was to improve protein intake at breakfast to at least 20% of total daily requirement or at least 20 g.

Methods: A protein rich breakfast including 20 g of protein was served in the departments of heart and lung surgery and vascular surgery for three months. Nutrition intake was registered before and after intervention.

Results: Food intake records were collected from 32 and 30 patients respectively, mean age 69 (SD 8) years. At breakfast, protein intake was improved from 14% of individual requirements to 22% (p<0.001) and energy intake was improved from 18% to 25% (p=0.01). Total amount of protein intake for breakfast was increased from 14 g to 20 g (p<0.002). Total daily protein intake increased from 64% to 77% (p=0.05) and total energy intake from 76% to 99% (p<0.01) of requirements.

Conclusion: Protein and energy intake for surgical patients at breakfast as well as total daily intake was significantly increased to meet recommended average level for minimum individually measured requirements.

Keywords: Eating; Intervention; Meals; Patients; Protein deficiency; Protein-energy malnutrition; Surgery; Undernutrition.