TU-E-BRA-05: Reverse Geometry Imaging with MV Detector for Improved Image Resolution

A Ganguly; E Abel; M Sun; R Fahrig; G Virshup; J Star-Lack

doi:10.1118/1.4735965

TU-E-BRA-05: Reverse Geometry Imaging with MV Detector for Improved Image Resolution

Med Phys. 2012 Jun;39(6Part24):3911. doi: 10.1118/1.4735965.

Authors

A Ganguly^{1

1

1

2

1

1}, E Abel^{1

1

1

2

1

1}, M Sun^{1

1

1

2

1

1}, R Fahrig^{1

1

1

2

1

1}, G Virshup^{1

1

1

2

1

1}, J Star-Lack^{1

1

1

2

1

1}

Affiliations

¹ Varian Medical Systems Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
² Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

PMID: 28518708
DOI: 10.1118/1.4735965

Abstract

Purpose: Thick pixilated scintillators can offer significant improvements in quantum efficiency over phosphor screen megavoltage (MV) detectors. However spatial resolution can be compromised due to the spreading of light across pixels within septa. Of particular interest are the lower energy x-ray photons and associated light photons that produce higher image contrast but are stopped near the scintillator entrance surface. They suffer the most scattering in the scintillator prior to detection in the photodiodes. Reversing the detector geometry, so that the incident x-ray beam passes through the photodiode array into the scintillator, allows the light to scatter less prior to detection. This also reduces the Swank noise since now higher and lower energy x-ray photons tend to produce similar electronic signals. In this work, we present simulations and measurements of detector MTF for the conventional/forward and reverse geometries to demonstrate this phenomenon.

Methods: A tabletop system consisting of a Varian CX1 1MeV linear accelerator and a modified Varian Paxscan4030 with the readout electronics moved away from the incident the beam was used. A special holder was used to press a 2.5W×5.0L×2.0Hcm³ pixellated Cesium Iodide (CsI:Tl) scintillator array on to the detector glass. The CsI array had a pitch of 0.784mm with plastic septa between pixels and the photodiode array pitch was 0.192 mm. The MTF in the forward and reverse geometries was measured using a 0.5mm thick Tantalum slanted edge. Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulations were performed for comparison.

Results: The measured and simulated MTFs matched to within 3.4(±3.7)% in the forward and 4.4(±1.5)% in reverse geometries. The reverse geometry MTF was higher than the forward geometry MTF at all spatial frequencies and doubled to .25 at 0.3lp/mm.

Conclusions: A novel method of improving the image resolution at MV energies was demonstrated. The improvements should be more pronounced with increased scintillator thickness. Funding support provided by NIH (grant number NIH R01 CA138426).

Keywords: Image sensors; Light scattering; Modulation transfer functions; Particle beam detectors; Phosphors; Photodiodes; Photons; Quantum geometry; Scintillation detectors; Spatial resolution.