Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: Hepatic and Extrahepatic Complications

Praveen Kumar Conjeevaram Selvakumar; Mohammad Nasser Kabbany; Valerio Nobili; Naim Alkhouri

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2017.01.008

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: Hepatic and Extrahepatic Complications

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Jun;64(3):659-675. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.01.008.

Authors

Praveen Kumar Conjeevaram Selvakumar¹, Mohammad Nasser Kabbany¹, Valerio Nobili², Naim Alkhouri³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
² Liver Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
³ Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Mail Code A111, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: alkhouri@txliver.com.

PMID: 28502444
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.01.008

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. The histologic spectrum of NAFLD is broad ranging, from the relatively benign form of simple steatosis to the aggressive form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, eventually leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. NAFLD has also been recognized as an independent risk factor for extrahepatic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep disorders, and osteoporosis. In this review, we discuss both the hepatic and extrahepatic complications of NAFLD in children.

Keywords: Extrahepatic complications; Hepatic complications; Metabolic syndrome; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity complications in children.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Child
Humans
Liver / pathology*
Metabolic Syndrome / complications*
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / complications*
Obesity / complications*
Risk Factors