Prevalence of Frailty Assessed by Fried and Kihon Checklist Indexes in a Prospective Cohort Study: Design and Demographics of the Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study

Yosuke Yamada; Hinako Nanri; Yuya Watanabe; Tsukasa Yoshida; Keiichi Yokoyama; Aya Itoi; Heiwa Date; Miwa Yamaguchi; Motoko Miyake; Emi Yamagata; Hajime Tamiya; Miho Nishimura; Mami Fujibayashi; Naoyuki Ebine; Mitsuyoshi Yoshida; Takeshi Kikutani; Eiichi Yoshimura; Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata; Minoru Yamada; Tomoki Nakaya; Yasuko Yoshinaka; Yoshinori Fujiwara; Hidenori Arai; Misaka Kimura

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.022

Prevalence of Frailty Assessed by Fried and Kihon Checklist Indexes in a Prospective Cohort Study: Design and Demographics of the Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 Aug 1;18(8):733.e7-733.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.022. Epub 2017 May 11.

Authors

Yosuke Yamada¹, Hinako Nanri², Yuya Watanabe³, Tsukasa Yoshida⁴, Keiichi Yokoyama⁵, Aya Itoi⁶, Heiwa Date⁷, Miwa Yamaguchi², Motoko Miyake⁸, Emi Yamagata⁹, Hajime Tamiya¹⁰, Miho Nishimura¹¹, Mami Fujibayashi¹², Naoyuki Ebine³, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida¹³, Takeshi Kikutani¹⁴, Eiichi Yoshimura¹⁵, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata¹⁶, Minoru Yamada¹⁷, Tomoki Nakaya¹⁸, Yasuko Yoshinaka⁵, Yoshinori Fujiwara¹⁹, Hidenori Arai²⁰, Misaka Kimura⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: yamaday@nibiohn.go.jp.
² Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha Unviersity, Kyotanabe, Japan.
⁴ Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan; Senior Citizens' Welfare Section, Kameoka City Government, Kameoka, Japan.
⁵ Department of Business Administration, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Japan.
⁶ Department of Health, Sports and Nutrition, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan.
⁷ Faculty of Data Science, Shiga University, Hikone, Japan.
⁸ Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Japan.
⁹ Faculty of Nursing, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan.
¹⁰ Nikko Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Nikko, Japan.
¹¹ Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
¹² Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.
¹³ Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
¹⁴ Division of Rehabilitation for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁵ Department of Food and Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
¹⁶ Department of Nutritional epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁷ Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁸ Department of Geography and Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan.
¹⁹ Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
²⁰ National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, Japan.

PMID: 28501417
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.022

Abstract

Objective: The Kyoto-Kameoka Study was launched in 2011-2012 to identify the associations among food intake, nutritional status, physical activity, oral function, quality of life or social capital, the use of long-term care insurance (LTCI) system, and healthy lifespan in community-dwelling older people as a part of the World Health Organization Safe Community program.

Design: A prospective cohort study, reporting baseline demographics (cross-sectional data).

Setting and participants: We conducted 2 mailed self-administered questionnaire surveys; one is a complete population survey with a comprehensive survey of needs in the sphere of daily life (NSDL) that included 2 different frailty indexes, the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and the Fried phenotype, socioeconomic status, general and psychological health, and social relationships; followed by the more detailed Health and Nutrition Survey. A slightly modified NSDL survey was conducted again in 2013. Survival time, LTCI certification, and medical and long-term care costs after the baseline survey will be followed.

Results: Of 18,231 NSDL questionnaires distributed, 13,294 people responded (response rate: 72.92%; mean age 73.7 ± 6.4 and 75.1 ± 7.2 years for men and women, respectively; 12,054 people without and 1240 with LTCI certification). In people without LTCI, the proportion of robust, prefrail, and frail were 30.3%, 59.8%, and 9.9% in men and 25.3%, 64.7%, and 10.0% in women, according to the Fried index. The proportion of frail people as defined by KCL ≥7 was 30.8% in men and 33.3% in women.

Conclusions: The study is the first to document frailty prevalence using both Fried and KCL measures with a complete city population survey among older Japanese in the community as a part of World Health Organization Safe Community program. The study is expected to provide valuable evidence of the effects of lifestyle habits on long-term care prevention and healthy life span.

Keywords: Kihon Checklist; Long-term care insurance; frailty; prevalence; prospective cohort; study design.

MeSH terms

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Checklist*
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Frailty / epidemiology*
Humans
Japan / epidemiology
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Prevalence