Interactions between small ankyrin 1 and sarcolipin coordinately regulate activity of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA1)

Abstract

SERCA1, the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase of skeletal muscle, is essential for muscle relaxation and maintenance of low resting Ca²⁺ levels in the myoplasm. We recently reported that small ankyrin 1 (sAnk1) interacts with the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase in skeletal muscle (SERCA1) to inhibit its activity. We also showed that this interaction is mediated at least in part through sAnk1's transmembrane domain in a manner similar to that of sarcolipin (SLN). Earlier studies have shown that SLN and phospholamban, the other well studied small SERCA-regulatory proteins, oligomerize either alone or together. As sAnk1 is coexpressed with SLN in muscle, we sought to determine whether these two proteins interact with one another when coexpressed exogenously in COS7 cells. Coimmunoprecipitation (coIP) and anisotropy-based FRET (AFRET) assays confirmed this interaction. Our results indicated that sAnk1 and SLN can associate in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and after exogenous expression in COS7 cells in vitro but that their association did not require endogenous SERCA2. Significantly, SLN promoted the interaction between sAnk1 and SERCA1 when the three proteins were coexpressed, and both coIP and AFRET experiments suggested the formation of a complex consisting of all three proteins. Ca²⁺-ATPase assays showed that sAnk1 ablated SLN's inhibition of SERCA1 activity. These results suggest that sAnk1 interacts with SLN both directly and in complex with SERCA1 and reduces SLN's inhibitory effect on SERCA1 activity.

Keywords: SERCA; calcium ATPase; cytoskeleton; membrane protein; sarcolipin; skeletal muscle; small ankyrin 1; transporter.