Ultrastructural and biochemical aspects of matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization

Tomoka Hasegawa; Tomomaya Yamamoto; Erika Tsuchiya; Hiromi Hongo; Kanako Tsuboi; Ai Kudo; Miki Abe; Taiji Yoshida; Tomoya Nagai; Naznin Khadiza; Ayako Yokoyama; Kimimitsu Oda; Hidehiro Ozawa; Paulo Henrique Luiz de Freitas; Minqi Li; Norio Amizuka

doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.09.002

Ultrastructural and biochemical aspects of matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization

Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2017 May;53(2):34-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Nov 5.

Authors

Tomoka Hasegawa¹, Tomomaya Yamamoto¹, Erika Tsuchiya^{1

2}, Hiromi Hongo¹, Kanako Tsuboi^{1

2}, Ai Kudo¹, Miki Abe¹, Taiji Yoshida¹, Tomoya Nagai^{1

3}, Naznin Khadiza^{1

4}, Ayako Yokoyama^{1

5}, Kimimitsu Oda⁶, Hidehiro Ozawa⁷, Paulo Henrique Luiz de Freitas⁸, Minqi Li⁹, Norio Amizuka¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
² Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
³ Department of Oral Functional Prothodontics, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁴ Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Person, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁵ Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁶ Division of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
⁷ Institute for Oral Science, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan.
⁸ Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe at Lagarto, Brazil.
⁹ Division of Basic Science of Stomatology, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Abstract

Matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization is an orchestrated sequence of ultrastructural and biochemical events that lead to crystal nucleation and growth. The influx of phosphate ions into the matrix vesicle is mediated by several proteins such as TNAP, ENPP1, Pit1, annexin and so forth. The catalytic activity of ENPP1 generates pyrophosphate (PPi) using extracellular ATPs as a substrate, and the resultant PPi prevents crystal overgrowth. However, TNAP hydrolyzes PPi into phosphate ion monomers, which are then transported into the matrix vesicle through Pit1. Accumulation of Ca²⁺ and PO₄^3- inside matrix vesicles then induces crystalline nucleation, with calcium phosphate crystals budding off radially, puncturing the matrix vesicle's membrane and finally growing out of it to form mineralized nodules.

Keywords: ENPP1; Matrix vesicle; Mineralization; Mineralized nodule; TNAP.

Publication types

Review