Assessing the Risk of Occult Cancer and 30-day Morbidity in Women Undergoing Risk-reducing Surgery: A Prospective Experience

J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2017 Jul-Aug;24(5):837-842. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.04.017. Epub 2017 May 4.

Abstract

Study objective: To investigate the incidence and predictive factors of 30-day surgery-related morbidity and occult precancerous and cancerous conditions for women undergoing risk-reducing surgery.

Design: A prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1).

Setting: A gynecologic oncology referral center.

Patients: Breast-related cancer antigen (BRCA) mutation carriers and BRCAX patients (those with a significant family history of breast and ovarian cancer).

Interventions: Minimally invasive risk-reduction surgery.

Measurements and main results: Overall, 85 women underwent risk-reducing surgery: 30 (35%) and 55 (65%) had hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and BSO alone, respectively. Overall, in 6 (7%) patients, the final pathology revealed unexpected cancer: 3 early-stage ovarian/fallopian tube cancers, 2 advanced-stage ovarian cancers (stage IIIA and IIIB), and 1 serous endometrial carcinoma. Additionally, 3 (3.6%) patients had incidental finding of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. Four (4.7%) postoperative complications within 30 days from surgery were registered, including fever (n = 3) and postoperative ileus (n = 1); no severe (grade 3 or more) complications were observed. All complications were managed conservatively. The presence of occult cancer was the only factor predicting the development of postoperative complications (p = .02).

Conclusion: Minimally invasive risk-reducing surgery is a safe and effective strategy to manage BRCA mutation carriers. Patients should benefit from an appropriate counseling about the high prevalence of undiagnosed cancers observed at the time of surgery.

Keywords: BRCA; Cancer; Laparoscopy; Morbidity.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Breast Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Breast Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / epidemiology
  • Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / prevention & control
  • Fallopian Tube Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Fallopian Tube Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hysterectomy / adverse effects
  • Hysterectomy / methods
  • Incidence
  • Middle Aged
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures* / statistics & numerical data
  • Morbidity
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Ovariectomy / adverse effects
  • Ovariectomy / methods
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
  • Prophylactic Surgical Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Prophylactic Surgical Procedures* / methods
  • Prophylactic Surgical Procedures* / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Reduction Behavior*
  • Salpingo-oophorectomy / adverse effects
  • Salpingo-oophorectomy / methods