Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A Unique Solute Disturbance

Nurs Clin North Am. 2017 Jun;52(2):309-320. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2017.01.008. Epub 2017 Apr 7.

Abstract

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening disorder that is an oncologic emergency. Risk factors for TLS are well-known, but the current literature shows case descriptions of unexpected acute TLS. Solid tumors and untreated hematologic tumors can lyse under various circumstances in children and adults. International guidelines and recommendations, including the early involvement of the critical care team, have been put forward to help clinicians properly manage the syndrome. Advanced practice nurses may be in the position of triaging and initiating treatment of patients with TLS, and need a thorough understanding of the syndrome and its treatment.

Keywords: Hyperkalemia; Hyperphosphatemia; Hyperuricemia; Malignant cell metabolism; Tumor lysis syndrome.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyperphosphatemia / diagnosis*
  • Hyperphosphatemia / nursing
  • Hyperphosphatemia / physiopathology*
  • Hyperuricemia / diagnosis
  • Hyperuricemia / nursing
  • Hyperuricemia / physiopathology*
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Oncology Nursing / standards*
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Risk Factors
  • Tumor Lysis Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Tumor Lysis Syndrome / nursing
  • Tumor Lysis Syndrome / physiopathology*
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / diagnosis
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / nursing
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / physiopathology*
  • Young Adult