The Possible Hypoglycemic Mechanisms of Echinochrome

Curr Diabetes Rev. 2018;14(4):334-338. doi: 10.2174/1573399813666170505120119.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the main reason of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years great attention has been paid to bioactivity of natural products due to their potential pharmacological utilization. Echinochrome is a natural compound isolated from sea urchins and possesses many biological effects. The hypoglycemic activity of echinochrome reported in many recent experiments.

Objective: In our study, we tried to collect all the possible hypoglycemic mechanism of echinochrome.

Conclusion: The hypoglycemic effect of echinochrome involving four main pathways; regeneration of pancreas, decrease insulin resistant, increase insulin production and improve glucose homeostasis.

Keywords: Echinochrome; acetylcholine; diabetes; hypoglycemic mechanisms; insulin resistance; oxidative stress..

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Glucose / drug effects*
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Diabetes Mellitus / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus / diagnosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus / drug therapy*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / physiopathology
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / metabolism
  • Heme Oxygenase-1 / metabolism
  • Hexokinase / metabolism
  • Homeostasis
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Insulin / blood
  • Insulin Resistance*
  • Liver / drug effects
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Naphthoquinones / pharmacology*
  • Pancreas / drug effects
  • Pancreas / metabolism
  • Pancreas / physiopathology
  • Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / metabolism
  • Regeneration / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Glucose
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin
  • Naphthoquinones
  • Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase
  • Heme Oxygenase-1
  • Hexokinase
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
  • echinochrome A