Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the technical feasibility of ultrasound-guided endovascular creation of a percutaneous extraluminal arterial bypass graft without a surgically created arterial anastomosis.
Materials and methods: Nine swine were utilized for this IACUC-approved study using a carotid bypass model in swine. Using sonographic guidance, percutaneous access was obtained to the proximal and distal common carotid artery. A self-expanding stent graft was advanced through the proximal carotid access site, tunneled subcutaneously, then advanced through the distal carotid access site, and deployed. The stent grafts were monitored weekly for patency using ultrasound. Angiography was performed at 4 weeks to evaluate for graft patency. Gross pathologic analysis was performed on the explanted stent grafts.
Results: In eight out of the nine swine (89%), percutaneous extraluminal bypass graft creation was technically successful, with brisk flow through the stent graft to the distal circulation, complete exclusion of the bypassed segment of carotid artery, and no extravasation. The technical failure was due to stent graft maldeployment. Of the six swine evaluated for patency, four grafts were patent at the 4-week end point. Both occluded stent grafts were due to extraluminal extrusion of one end, likely related to neck movement and growth in neck length.
Conclusion: The percutaneous arterial bypass technique had a high technical success rate and a graft patency rate of 67% at 4 weeks, with early occlusions possibly related to limitations of the animal model.
Keywords: Arterial bypass; Bypass graft; Percutaneous; Peripheral arterial disease; Porcine.