Conservation of groundwater from over-exploitation-Scientific analyses for groundwater resources management

Fi-John Chang; Chien-Wei Huang; Su-Ting Cheng; Li-Chiu Chang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.142

Conservation of groundwater from over-exploitation-Scientific analyses for groundwater resources management

Sci Total Environ. 2017 Nov 15:598:828-838. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.142. Epub 2017 Apr 27.

Authors

Fi-John Chang¹, Chien-Wei Huang², Su-Ting Cheng², Li-Chiu Chang³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: changfj@ntu.edu.tw.
² Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, ROC.
³ Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan, ROC.

PMID: 28458200
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.142

Abstract

Groundwater over-exploitation has produced many critical problems in the southern Taiwan. The accumulated stresses and demands make groundwater management a complex issue that needs innovative scientific analyses for deriving better water management strategies. In this study, we aimed to provide scientific analyses of the groundwater systems in the Pingtung Plain through soft-computing techniques to explore its spatial-temporal and hydro-geological characteristics for the elaboration of future groundwater management plans and in decision-making process. We conducted a study to assess the essential features of the groundwater systems based on the long-term large datasets of regional groundwater levels by using the principal component analysis (PCA), and the self-organizing map (SOM) with regression analysis. The PCA results demonstrated that two leading components could well present the spatial characteristics of the groundwater systems and classify the region into eastern, western and transition zones. The SOM results could visibly explore the behavior of regional groundwater variations in various aquifers and the multi-relations among climate and hydrogeological variables. Results revealed that the potential of groundwater recharge made by precipitation or river flow was higher in the eastern zone than in the western zone. Analysis results further showed an increase of the groundwater levels in the western zone after year 2006, while there were no obvious increases of the groundwater levels in the eastern or transition zones. Based on the investigated characteristics, we suggest that a sound groundwater management plan should consider zonal difference of the groundwater systems to achieve groundwater conservation.

Keywords: Groundwater–surface water interactions; Pingtung Plain; Principal component analysis (PCA); Regional groundwater; Self-organizing map (SOM).