A facile route for the synthesis of a type of composite nanotube, namely S,N co-doped carbon nanotubes decorated with molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (CP/MoS2), is now reported. The number of nanosheets for MoS2 can be easily tuned by changing the templates with different ratios of N and S. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the CP/MoS2 nanotubes show a high specific capacity of around 1500 mA h g-1 at the current density of 50 mA g-1, excellent cycling stability up to 750 cycles at the current density of 1 A g-1, and superior rate performance.