Unravelling chloroma: review of imaging findings

Br J Radiol. 2017 Jul;90(1075):20160710. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160710. Epub 2017 May 23.

Abstract

Chloroma refers to the extramedullary proliferation of immature myeloid precursors occurring in a gamut of myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic conditions; acute myeloid leukaemia being the commonest. With non-specific clinical and imaging manifestations, it runs a high risk of misdiagnosis which may significantly affect the outcome of an otherwise treatable lesion. Also with these lesions heralding impending blast crises, awareness of the imaging findings becomes imperative. Imaging not only helps raise the suspicion but also guides further confirmation by demonstration of specific immunohistochemistry markers, ensuring timely institution of chemotherapy. In general, solid enhancing lesions in any haematological disorder could be chloromas, especially if multifocal with mass effect.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis
  • Contrast Media
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Risk Factors
  • Sarcoma, Myeloid / diagnostic imaging*
  • Sarcoma, Myeloid / pathology
  • Sarcoma, Myeloid / therapy

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Contrast Media
  • Radiopharmaceuticals