Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the influence of gene polymorphisms on the development of gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin A.
Method and materials: Electronic and hand literature searches were conducted by two independent reviewers in MEDLINE-Pubmed, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and SCOPUS Elsevier for prospective (case-control studies, cohort studies), cross-sectional, and retrospective studies published up to June 2016 (first week) in any language. Data were reviewed and extracted in duplicate independently. Methodologic quality assessment of the included studies was performed during the data extraction process.
Results: Due to the estimated high risk of bias and the heterogeneity of the included studies in regards to the variety of medications administered to study patients, a systematic review of the literature and not a meta-analysis of the data was performed. Fourteen articles meeting study inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction that examined the association between various genetic polymorphisms and gingival overgrowth in kidney transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A. Interleukin-1A, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β1 and androgen receptor gene polymorphisms may have a significant effect on an individual susceptibility to cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients.
Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms seem to affect the development of cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have the potential to determine the clinical outcome of a medication, the drug efficacy, and adverse drug reactions such as gingival overgrowth.