Ternary natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) infused phthaloyl starch as cost efficient quasi-solid gel polymer electrolyte

Vidhya Selvanathan; Ahmad Danial Azzahari; Adyani Azizah Abd Halim; Rosiyah Yahya

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.023

Ternary natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) infused phthaloyl starch as cost efficient quasi-solid gel polymer electrolyte

Carbohydr Polym. 2017 Jul 1:167:210-218. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.023. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

Authors

Vidhya Selvanathan¹, Ahmad Danial Azzahari², Adyani Azizah Abd Halim³, Rosiyah Yahya⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Electronic address: s_vidhya@siswa.um.edu.my.
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Electronic address: o_danny@siswa.um.edu.my.
³ Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Electronic address: adyanihalim82@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Electronic address: rosiyah@um.edu.my.

PMID: 28433156
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.023

Abstract

A first-of-its-kind, eco-friendly quasi-solid bioelectrolyte derived from potato starch was prepared. Starch was chemically modified via phthaloylation to synthesize amorphous, hydrophobic starch derivative and the attachment of the phthaloyl group was confirmed via FTIR which showed phthalate ester peak at 1715cm^-1; and ¹H NMR peaks between 7.30-7.90ppm attributed to the aromatic protons of the phthaloyl group. The resulting starch derivative was then infused with ternary natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) made from different molar ratios of choline chloride, urea and glycerol. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the highest ionic conductivity was obtained by the system consisting of NADES with choline chloride:urea:glycerol in molar ratios of 4:6:2, with a magnitude of 2.86mScm^-1, hence validating the prospects of the materials to be further experimented as an alternative electrolyte in various electrochemical devices.

Keywords: Ionic conductivity; NADES; Phthaloylation; Polymer electrolyte; Starch.