Structure-based dynamic arrays in regulatory domains of sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) isoforms

Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 20;7(1):993. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01102-x.

Abstract

Mammalian Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, NCX1 and NCX3, generate splice variants, whereas NCX2 does not. The CBD1 and CBD2 domains form a regulatory tandem (CBD12), where Ca2+ binding to CBD1 activates and Ca2+ binding to CBD2 (bearing the splicing segment) alleviates the Na+-induced inactivation. Here, the NCX2-CBD12, NCX3-CBD12-B, and NCX3-CBD12-AC proteins were analyzed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass-spectrometry (HDX-MS) to resolve regulatory variances in the NCX2 and NCX3 variants. SAXS revealed the unified model, according to which the Ca2+ binding to CBD12 shifts a dynamic equilibrium without generating new conformational states, and where more rigid conformational states become more populated without any global conformational changes. HDX-MS revealed the differential effects of the B and AC exons on the folding stability of apo CBD1 in NCX3-CBD12, where the dynamic differences become less noticeable in the Ca2+-bound state. Therefore, the apo forms predefine incremental changes in backbone dynamics upon Ca2+ binding. These observations may account for slower inactivation (caused by slower dissociation of occluded Ca2+ from CBD12) in the skeletal vs the brain-expressed NCX2 and NCX3 variants. This may have physiological relevance, since NCX must extrude much higher amounts of Ca2+ from the skeletal cell than from the neuron.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Allosteric Regulation
  • Alternative Splicing
  • Animals
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Deuterium Exchange Measurement
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Domains
  • Protein Folding
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Rats
  • Scattering, Small Angle
  • Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / chemistry*
  • Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / genetics*
  • Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / metabolism
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • Slc8a2 protein, rat
  • Slc8a3 protein, rat
  • Sodium-Calcium Exchanger
  • sodium-calcium exchanger 1
  • Calcium