New Acridine Thiourea Gold(I) Anticancer Agents: Targeting the Nucleus and Inhibiting Vasculogenic Mimicry

ACS Chem Biol. 2017 Jun 16;12(6):1524-1537. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00090. Epub 2017 Apr 19.

Abstract

Two new 1-acridin-9-yl-3-methylthiourea Au(I) DNA intercalators [Au(ACRTU)2]Cl (2) and [Au(ACRTU) (PPh3)]PF6 (3) have been prepared. Both complexes were highly active in the human ovarian carcinoma cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cell line, exhibiting IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Compounds 2 and 3 are also cytotoxic toward different phenotypes of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (triple negative), SK-BR-3 (HER2+, ERα-, and ERβ-), and MCF-7 (ER+). Both complexes induce apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 in vitro. While inhibition of some proteins (thiol-containing enzymes) seems to be the main mechanism of action for cytotoxic gold complexes, 2 and 3 present a DNA-dependent mechanism of action. They locate in the cell nucleus according to confocal microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy. The binding to DNA resulted to be via intercalation as shown by spectroscopic methods and viscometry, exhibiting a dose-dependent response on topoisomerase I mediated DNA unwinding. In addition, 2 and 3 exhibit potent antiangiogenic effects and are also able to inhibit vasculogenic mimicry of highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acridines / chemistry
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • Gold / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Intercalating Agents / chemistry*
  • Intercalating Agents / pharmacology
  • Molecular Mimicry
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / prevention & control
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic / drug therapy
  • Thiourea / chemistry

Substances

  • Acridines
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Intercalating Agents
  • Gold
  • Thiourea