Besides its well known function on bone metabolism, vitamin D role in cerebrovascular pathologies including cerebral small vessel disease has been confirmed by recent meta-analysis. In this study, we measured vitamin D levels in 56 Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) patients (mean age 49.9) with no or minimal disability (modified Ranking Score, mRS ≤2) and in 56 age, sex and seasonality matched healthy controls. History of ischemic events was recorded and cognitive functions were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. White matter hyperintensities on brain T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were classified according to a modified Fazekas scale. Comparison of vitamin D levels between patients and controls showed significant lower values (p < 0.05) in no-to-mild CADASIL patients and a higher number of subjects with severe deficiency [25(OH)D <10 ng/ml]. Vitamin D levels did not correlate with vascular risk factors, clinical data or Fazekas score. The role of vitamin D is worth to be further explored in prospective studies.
Keywords: CADASIL; Cerebral small vessel disease; Vascular dementia; Vascular risk factors; Vitamin D.