D-dimer Interval Likelihood Ratios for Pulmonary Embolism

Acad Emerg Med. 2017 Jul;24(7):832-837. doi: 10.1111/acem.13191. Epub 2017 Jun 14.

Abstract

Objective: The objective was to estimate D-dimer interval likelihood ratios (iLRs) for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: The authors used pooled patient-level data from five PE diagnostic management studies to estimate iLRs for the eight D-dimer intervals with boundaries 250, 500, 750, 1,000, 1,500, 2,500, and 5,000 ng/mL. Logistic regression was used to fit the data so that an interval increase corresponds to increasing the likelihood ratio by a constant factor.

Results: The iLR for the D-dimer interval 1,000-1,499 ng/mL was essentially 1.0 (0.98 with 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-1.18). In the logistic regression model, the constant between-interval factor was 2.0 (95% CI = 1.9-2.1). Using these iLR estimates, if the pre-D-dimer probability of PE is 15%, only a D-dimer less than 500 ng/mL will result in a posttest probability below 3%; if the pretest probability is 5%, the threshold for a "negative" D-dimer is 1,000 ng/mL.

Conclusions: A decision strategy based on these approximate iLRs agrees with several published strategies.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / analysis*
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Meta-Analysis as Topic
  • Prospective Studies
  • Pulmonary Embolism / diagnosis*
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
  • fibrin fragment D