Comparing Child-Pugh, MELD, and FIB-4 to Predict Clinical Outcomes in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Persons: Results From ERCHIVES

Abstract

Background: Identifying hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive persons at high risk of early complications can help prioritize treatment decisions. We conducted this study to compare Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CP), MELD, and FIB-4 scores for predicting clinical outcomes and to identify those at low risk of complications.

Methods: Within electronically retrieved cohort of HCV-infected veterans, we identified HCV-positive persons and excluded those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), prevalent hepatic decompensation (HD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and those treated for HCV. We calculated incidence rates for HD, HCC, and all-cause mortality at 1, 3, and 5 years after HCV diagnosis. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we determined the optimal cut-off values for each score for these outcomes.

Results: Among 21 116 persons evaluated, 89.7% were CP Class-A, 79.9% had MELD<9, and 43.4% had FIB-4<1.45. AUROC for HD at 1, 3, and 5 years was higher for FIB-4 (0.84-0.86) compared with MELD (0.70-0.76) (P < .001). AUROC for HCC at 1, 3, and 5 years was 0.81-0.82 for FIB-4 but 0.61-0.68 for CP and MELD scores. (P < .001) AUROC for all-cause mortality at 3 and 5 years was 0.65-0.68. The optimal cut-off scores to identify persons at low risk of complications were as follows: CP <5; MELD <8; FIB-4 <3 for HD and HCC, and <2 for all-cause mortality, below which <1.5% developed HD and HCC and ≤2.5% died at 3 years.

Conclusions: FIB-4 score is a better predictor of HD and HCC in HCV-positive persons. A score of <3 is associated with a low risk of HD and HCC 1 and 3 years after HCV diagnosis.

Keywords: ERCHIVES; HCV; mortality; outcomes; treatment.