Bacteriophage preparation lytic for Shigella significantly reduces Shigella sonnei contamination in various foods

PLoS One. 2017 Mar 31;12(3):e0175256. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175256. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

ShigaShield™ is a phage preparation composed of five lytic bacteriophages that specifically target pathogenic Shigella species found in contaminated waters and foods. In this study, we examined the efficacy of various doses (9x105-9x107 PFU/g) of ShigaShield™ in removing experimentally added Shigella on deli meat, smoked salmon, pre-cooked chicken, lettuce, melon and yogurt. The highest dose (2x107 or 9x107 PFU/g) of ShigaShield™ applied to each food type resulted in at least 1 log (90%) reduction of Shigella in all the food types. There was significant (P<0.01) reduction in the Shigella levels in all phage treated foods compared to controls, except for the lowest phage dose (9x105 PFU/g) on melon where reduction was only ca. 45% (0.25 log). The genomes of each component phage in the cocktail were fully sequenced and analyzed, and they were found not to contain any "undesirable genes" including those listed in the US Code for Federal Regulations (40 CFR Ch1). Our data suggest that ShigaShield™ (and similar phage preparations with potent lytic activity against Shigella spp.) may offer a safe and effective approach for reducing the levels of Shigella in various foods that may be contaminated with the bacterium.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bacteriophages / physiology*
  • Chickens / microbiology
  • Cucurbitaceae / microbiology
  • Food Contamination / prevention & control
  • Lactuca / microbiology
  • Meat / microbiology
  • Shigella sonnei / virology*
  • Yogurt / microbiology

Grants and funding

Our studies were supported, in part, by a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) award W911NF-11-C-0074 and Contract No. W911QY-09-C-0079 from the United States Army (to A.S.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.