Mechanistic Studies of an Amine Oxidase Derived from d-Amino Acid Oxidase

Biochemistry. 2017 Apr 11;56(14):2024-2030. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00161. Epub 2017 Apr 3.

Abstract

The flavoprotein d-amino acid oxidase has long served as a paradigm for understanding the mechanism of oxidation of amino acids by flavoproteins. Recently, a mutant d-amino acid oxidase (Y228L/R283G) that catalyzed the oxidation of amines rather than amino acids was described [Yasukawa, K., et al. (2014) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 53, 4428-4431]. We describe here the use of pH and kinetic isotope effects with (R)-α-methylbenzylamine as a substrate to determine whether the mutant enzyme utilizes the same catalytic mechanism as the wild-type enzyme. The effects of pH on the steady-state and rapid-reaction kinetics establish that the neutral amine is the substrate, while an active-site residue, likely Tyr224, must be uncharged for productive binding. There is no solvent isotope effect on the kcat/Km value for the amine, consistent with the neutral amine being the substrate. The deuterium isotope effect on the kcat/Km value is pH-independent, with an average value of 5.3, similar to values found with amino acids as substrates for the wild-type enzyme and establishing that there is no commitment to catalysis with this substrate. The kcat/KO2 value is similar to that seen with amino acids as the substrate, consistent with the oxidative half-reaction being unperturbed by the mutation and with flavin oxidation preceding product release. All of the data are consistent with the mutant enzyme utilizing the same mechanism as the wild-type enzyme, transfer of hydride from the neutral amine to the flavin.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Aspergillus niger / chemistry
  • Aspergillus niger / enzymology
  • Biocatalysis
  • Catalytic Domain
  • D-Amino-Acid Oxidase / chemistry*
  • D-Amino-Acid Oxidase / genetics
  • D-Amino-Acid Oxidase / metabolism
  • Deuterium Exchange Measurement
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Fungal Proteins / chemistry*
  • Fungal Proteins / genetics
  • Fungal Proteins / metabolism
  • Gene Expression
  • Glucose Oxidase / chemistry*
  • Glucose Oxidase / genetics
  • Glucose Oxidase / metabolism
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Kinetics
  • Monoamine Oxidase / chemistry*
  • Monoamine Oxidase / genetics
  • Monoamine Oxidase / metabolism
  • Phenethylamines / chemistry*
  • Phenethylamines / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Swine
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • Fungal Proteins
  • Phenethylamines
  • Glucose Oxidase
  • D-Amino-Acid Oxidase
  • Monoamine Oxidase
  • 1-phenethylamine