ITADE flap after mastectomy for locally advanced breast cancer: A good choice for mid-sized defects of the chest wall, based on a systematic review of thoracoabdominal flaps

J Surg Oncol. 2017 Jun;115(8):949-958. doi: 10.1002/jso.24619. Epub 2017 Mar 27.

Abstract

Background: Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is still a common problem in developing countries. Extensive resections are aimed at local control and improving quality of life. Dermofat flaps are an option for medium-sized defects.

Objectives: Evaluate the results of a new thoracoabdominal flap (TAF).

Methods: We describe and evaluate an ipsilateral, thoracoabdominal horizontal, dermofat (ITADE) flap performed in patients submitted to mastectomy and immediate reconstruction. A systematic review of the flaps used in this situation was performed.

Results: A total of 23 patients underwent the ITADE flap. The average flap size was 360 cm2 . One (4.3%) patient presented extensive loss of the flap. In the literature review, we observed 354 patients with 159 TAFs. We added our cases to the evaluation. A significant reduction in the risk of necrosis using myocutaneous flaps versus TAFs was observed (P < 0.001). Comparing other TAFs and ITADE flaps, considering all necrosis, a significant difference was apparent (P = 0.02), which disappeared when evaluating only larger necrosis (P = 0.13). Multivariate analysis showed that the resected area was the best variable related to the presence of necrosis.

Conclusions: ITADE allows extensive coverage areas, an early start of adjuvant treatment and it can be performed without requiring a reconstructive team.

Keywords: breast cancer; locally advanced breast cancer; mastectomy; surgical flaps; thoracoabdominal flaps.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Mammaplasty*
  • Mastectomy*
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Surgical Flaps*
  • Thoracic Wall / surgery