National Sleep Foundation's sleep quality recommendations: first report

Maurice Ohayon; Emerson M Wickwire; Max Hirshkowitz; Steven M Albert; Alon Avidan; Frank J Daly; Yves Dauvilliers; Raffaele Ferri; Constance Fung; David Gozal; Nancy Hazen; Andrew Krystal; Kenneth Lichstein; Monica Mallampalli; Giuseppe Plazzi; Robert Rawding; Frank A Scheer; Virend Somers; Michael V Vitiello

doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.006

National Sleep Foundation's sleep quality recommendations: first report

Sleep Health. 2017 Feb;3(1):6-19. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.006. Epub 2016 Dec 23.

Authors

Maurice Ohayon¹, Emerson M Wickwire², Max Hirshkowitz³, Steven M Albert⁴, Alon Avidan⁵, Frank J Daly⁶, Yves Dauvilliers⁷, Raffaele Ferri⁸, Constance Fung⁹, David Gozal¹⁰, Nancy Hazen¹¹, Andrew Krystal¹², Kenneth Lichstein¹³, Monica Mallampalli¹⁴, Giuseppe Plazzi¹⁵, Robert Rawding¹⁶, Frank A Scheer¹⁷, Virend Somers¹⁸, Michael V Vitiello¹⁹

Affiliations

¹ Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, Division of Public Mental Health and Population Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Electronic address: research@sleepfoundation.org.
² Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³ Division of Public Mental Health and Population Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
⁴ Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA.
⁵ UCLA Sleep Disorders Center, UCLA Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁶ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA.
⁷ Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
⁸ Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, Italy.
⁹ David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
¹¹ Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
¹² Neurosciences Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
¹³ Sleep Research Project, Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
¹⁴ Scientific Affairs, Society for Women's Health Research, Washington, DC, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Biology, Gannon University, Erie, PA, USA.
¹⁷ Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

PMID: 28346153
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.006

Abstract

Objectives: To provide evidence-based recommendations and guidance to the public regarding indicators of good sleep quality across the life-span.

Methods: The National Sleep Foundation assembled a panel of experts from the sleep community and representatives appointed by stakeholder organizations (Sleep Quality Consensus Panel). A systematic literature review identified 277 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Abstracts and full-text articles were provided to the panelists for review and discussion. A modified Delphi RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method with 3 rounds of voting was used to determine agreement.

Results: For most of the sleep continuity variables (sleep latency, number of awakenings >5minutes, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency), the panel members agreed that these measures were appropriate indicators of good sleep quality across the life-span. However, overall, there was less or no consensus regarding sleep architecture or nap-related variables as elements of good sleep quality.

Conclusions: There is consensus among experts regarding some indicators of sleep quality among otherwise healthy individuals. Education and public health initiatives regarding good sleep quality will require sustained and collaborative efforts from multiple stakeholders. Future research should explore how sleep architecture and naps relate to sleep quality. Implications and limitations of the consensus recommendations are discussed.

Keywords: Aging; Sleep architecture; Sleep efficiency; Sleep quality.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Evidence-Based Practice
Foundations
Guidelines as Topic*
Humans
Sleep Medicine Specialty / organization & administration
Sleep*
United States