Synthesis of novel quinoline-based 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles as potential anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents

Abstract

A new series of N-substituted 2-pyrazolines 9a-f, 10a-f, 11a-f, 12a-f and 13a-f were obtained from the cyclocondensation reaction of [(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]chalcones 8a-f with hydrazine hydrate and its derivatives. Fourteen of the synthesized compounds including the starting chalcones were selected by US National Cancer Institute (NCI) for testing their anticancer activity against 60 different human cancer cell lines, with the most important GI₅₀ values ranging from 0.28 to 11.7 μM (0.13-6.05 μg/mL) and LC₅₀ values ranging from 2.6 to > 100 μM (1.2 to > 51.7 μg/mL), for chalcones 8a,d and pyrazolines 10c,d. All compounds were assessed for antibacterial activity against wild type and multidrug resistant gram negative and gram positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 500 μg/mL. Additionally, the novel compounds were tested for antifungal and antiparasitic properties. Although these compounds showed mild activity against Candida albicans, chalcones 8a and 8e showed high activity against Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC₅₀ = 7.8 μg/mL. For anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity the 2-pyrazoline 11b was the most active with EC₅₀ = 5.54 μg/mL. Regarding the activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, compound 10a was highly active with EC₅₀ = 0.70 μg/mL. Chalcone 8a had good activity against Leishmania panamensis amastigotes with EC₅₀ = 0.79 μg/mL.

Keywords: 2–pyrazolines; Antibacterial activity; Anticancer activity; Antifungal activity; Antileishmanial activity; Antimalarial activity; Antitrypanosomal activity; Chalcones; Quinoline.