Novel modified nanocellulose applicable as reinforcement in high-performance nanocomposites

Jelena D Rusmirović; Jasna Z Ivanović; Vladimir B Pavlović; Vesna M Rakić; Milica P Rančić; Veljko Djokić; Aleksandar D Marinković

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.086

Novel modified nanocellulose applicable as reinforcement in high-performance nanocomposites

Carbohydr Polym. 2017 May 15:164:64-74. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.086. Epub 2017 Jan 23.

Authors

Jelena D Rusmirović¹, Jasna Z Ivanović², Vladimir B Pavlović³, Vesna M Rakić⁴, Milica P Rančić⁵, Veljko Djokić⁶, Aleksandar D Marinković⁷

Affiliations

¹ Innovation Center, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: jrusmirovic@tmf.bg.ac.rs.
² Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: jasnai@tmf.bg.ac.rs.
³ Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Technical Sciences of the SASA, Knez Mihailova 36, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: vladimirboskopavlovic@gmail.com.
⁴ Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: vesna@ffh.bg.ac.rs.
⁵ Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: milica.rancic@sfb.bg.ac.rs.
⁶ Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: vdjokic@tmf.bg.ac.rs.
⁷ Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: marinko@tmf.bg.ac.rs.

PMID: 28325345
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.086

Abstract

The influence of modification and vacuum/supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) drying methods on the surface properties, morphology and thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals (NC) was presented in this study. Introduction of reactive vinyl groups on NC surface was performed by either direct esterification with oleic acid, linseed or sunflower oil fatty acids; or by amidation of maleic acid/ethylene diamine with methyl ester of fatty acid. Obtained modified NC (m-NC) were characterized using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy; and by determination of acid, iodine and ester values. Structural analysis of m-NC showed varieties of forms, from spongy to nanostructural non-uniform layered morphology with observable agglomeration, which confirmed morphology dependence on modification/processing methods Thermogravimetry-MS spectrometry showed different thermal stability and degradation pathways of NC/m-NC. Incorporation of 1 wt% of reactive m-NC in unsaturated polyester lead to high performance nanocomposites and contributed to increase of stress at break in the range from 76 to 93%.

Keywords: Fatty acid modification; Nanocellulose; Supercritical drying; Vinyl reactive nanocellulose.