1 Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, cpetersen@cw.bc.ca Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Department of Anesthesia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.