New Leishmania isolates form a novel group of human parasites related to Leishmania enrietti, with cases in Ghana, Thailand, and Martinique; other relatives infect Australian and South American wildlife. These parasites apparently cause both cutaneous and visceral disease, and may have evolved a novel transmission mechanism exploiting blood-feeding midges.
Keywords: Leishmania; Leishmania enrietti; Leishmania martiniquensis; Leishmania siamensis; emerging pathogen; midges.
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