Dynamic biochemical tissue analysis detects functional L-selectin ligands on colon cancer tissues

PLoS One. 2017 Mar 10;12(3):e0173747. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173747. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

A growing body of evidence suggests that L-selectin ligands presented on circulating tumor cells facilitate metastasis by binding L-selectin presented on leukocytes. Commonly used methods for detecting L-selectin ligands on tissues, e.g., immunostaining, are performed under static, no-flow conditions. However, such analysis does not assay for functional L-selectin ligands, specifically those ligands that promote adhesion under shear flow conditions. Recently our lab developed a method, termed dynamic biochemical tissue analysis (DBTA), to detect functional selectin ligands in situ by probing tissues with L-selectin-coated microspheres under hemodynamic flow conditions. In this investigation, DBTA was used to probe human colon tissues for L-selectin ligand activity. The detection of L-selectin ligands using DBTA was highly specific. Furthermore, DBTA reproducibly detected functional L-selectin ligands on diseased, e.g., cancerous or inflamed, tissues but not on noncancerous tissues. In addition, DBTA revealed a heterogeneous distribution of functional L-selectin ligands on colon cancer tissues. Most notably, detection of L-selectin ligands by immunostaining using HECA-452 antibody only partially correlated with functional L-selectin ligands detected by DBTA. In summation, the results of this study demonstrate that DBTA detects functional selectin ligands to provide a unique characterization of pathological tissue.

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / metabolism
  • Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / pathology
  • Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / metabolism
  • Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / pathology
  • Biochemistry / methods*
  • Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / pathology
  • Colonic Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Colonic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Formaldehyde
  • Glycoconjugates / analysis
  • Glycoconjugates / metabolism
  • Humans
  • L-Selectin / metabolism*
  • Ligands
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Microspheres
  • Tissue Fixation / methods

Substances

  • Glycoconjugates
  • Ligands
  • L-Selectin
  • Formaldehyde

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R15CA161830-01; to M.M.B.), National Science Foundation (MRI Award 1039869; to D.J.G. and M.M.B.), Ohio University (Student Enhancement Award to G.E.C.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.