[Influence of skeletal muscles on the risk of falling in old age]

Internist (Berl). 2017 Apr;58(4):359-370. doi: 10.1007/s00108-017-0212-5.
[Article in German]

Abstract

Falls in older adults are a major public health problem, affecting 1 in 3 persons aged 65 and over at least once a year. Consequences of falling include death, injuries, fear of falling, and subsequent loss of independence. The age-related loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) as well as muscle strength are markers of the frailty syndrome. In addition, they are associated with physical function and are a risk factor for falling. Older adults should be screened for falls at least annually. If evaluated as at-risk, a comprehensive falls assessment should be conducted to determine an individual's risk profile. Physical exercise with balance and strength training play a key role in the prevention and management of functional decline and fall risk. Multifactorial interventions are indicated in at-risk individuals. In sarcopenic individuals, sufficient intake of protein must be taken into account and supplementation in combination with exercise appears to be useful.

Keywords: Accidental falls; Aged; Muscle strength; Muscles, function; Sarcopenia.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Accidental Falls*
  • Aged
  • Exercise
  • Frail Elderly
  • Humans
  • Muscle Strength
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiology*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Sarcopenia / complications
  • Sarcopenia / therapy