Galectin-3 is a non-classic RNA binding protein that stabilizes the mucin MUC4 mRNA in the cytoplasm of cancer cells

Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 6:7:43927. doi: 10.1038/srep43927.

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer cells express high levels of MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16 mRNAs that encode membrane-bound mucins. These mRNAs share unusual features such as a long half-life. However, it remains unknown how mucin mRNA stability is regulated. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an endogenous lectin playing important biological functions in epithelial cells. Gal-3 is encoded by LGALS3 which is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer. Despite the absence of a RNA-recognition motif, Gal-3 interacts indirectly with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and promotes constitutive splicing. However a broader role of Gal-3 in mRNA fate is unexplored. We report herein that Gal-3 increases MUC4 mRNA stability through an intermediate, hnRNP-L which binds to a conserved CA repeat element in the 3'UTR in a Gal-3 dependent manner and also controls Muc4 mRNA levels in epithelial tissues of Gal3-/- mice. Gal-3 interacts with hnRNP-L in the cytoplasm, especially during cell mitosis, but only partly associates with protein markers of P-Bodies or Stress Granules. By RNA-IP plus RNA-seq analysis and imaging, we demonstrate that Gal-3 binds to mature spliced MUC4 mRNA in the perinuclear region, probably in hnRNP-L-containing RNA granules. Our findings highlight a new role for Gal-3 as a non-classic RNA-binding protein that regulates MUC4 mRNA post-transcriptionally.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Proteins
  • Cytoplasm / chemistry
  • Cytoplasm / metabolism*
  • Epithelial Cells / chemistry
  • Epithelial Cells / metabolism*
  • Galectin 3 / metabolism*
  • Galectins
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Humans
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Mucin-4 / genetics*
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology*
  • RNA Stability
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism*

Substances

  • Blood Proteins
  • Galectin 3
  • Galectins
  • LGALS3 protein, human
  • MUC4 protein, human
  • Mucin-4
  • RNA, Messenger