Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects an estimated 20% of the population in the USA, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Lifestyle modifications and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) therapy are effective in the majority of patients and remain the mainstay of treatment of GERD. However, some patients will need surgical intervention because they have partial control of symptoms, do not want to be on long-term medical treatment, or suffer complications related to PPI therapy.
Aims: The aim of this study was to review the available evidence that supports laparoscopic antireflux surgery, and to study the effect of surgical therapy on the natural history of GERD.
Results: The key elements for the success of antireflux surgery are proper patient selection, careful analysis of the indications for surgery, complete pre-operative work-up, and proper execution of the surgical technique.
Conclusions: When the key elements are respected, antireflux surgery is very effective in controlling GERD, and it is associated to minimal morbidity and mortality.