[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: from a neurodevelopmental perspective]

Rev Neurol. 2017 Feb 24;64(s01):S101-S104.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders cover a heterogeneous group of disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders or specific learning difficulties, among others. The neurobiological and clinical variables seem to clearly justify the recent inclusion of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the international classifications.

Development: Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterised by their dimensional nature and the distribution of the different symptoms in the population. These aspects are reviewed, specifically from the perspective of the clinical features and the neuropsychology of ADHD. The dimensional symptomatic nature of ADHD contrasts with the diagnostic criteria of this disorder according to different classifications or clinical guidelines. It also contrasts with the data collected by means of different complementary examinations (scales, tests, etc.).

Conclusions: It is essential to understand the clinical continuum within each neurodevelopmental disorder (including ADHD), among the different neurodevelopmental disorders, and among the neurodevelopmental disorders and normality for their research, diagnosis and management. The development of instruments that provide support for this dimensional component is equally significant.

Title: Trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad: perspectiva desde el neurodesarrollo.

Introduccion. Los trastornos del neurodesarrollo engloban a un grupo heterogeneo de trastornos como la discapacidad intelectual, el trastorno del espectro autista o los trastornos especificos del aprendizaje, entre otros. La reciente inclusion en las clasificaciones internacionales del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) dentro de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo parece claramente justificada atendiendo a variables neurobiologicas y clinicas. Desarrollo. El caracter dimensional y la distribucion de diferentes sintomas en la poblacion caracterizan a la mayoria de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Se revisan estos aspectos, particularmente desde la sintomatologia y neuropsicologia en el TDAH. El caracter sintomatico dimensional del TDAH contrasta con los criterios diagnosticos de este trastorno de acuerdo a diferentes clasificaciones o guias clinicas. Contrasta igualmente con los datos recogidos a traves de diferentes exploraciones complementarias (escalas, tests...). Conclusiones. El entendimiento del continuo clinico dentro de cada trastorno del neurodesarrollo (incluido el TDAH), entre los diferentes trastornos del neurodesarrollo, y entre los trastornos del neurodesarrollo y la normalidad, es esencial para la investigacion, el diagnostico y el abordaje de todos ellos. El desarrollo de instrumentos que avalen este componente dimensional es igualmente trascendental.

Publication types

  • Congress

MeSH terms

  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* / diagnosis
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders*