Longitudinal sampling of the lung microbiota in individuals with cystic fibrosis

PLoS One. 2017 Mar 2;12(3):e0172811. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172811. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Cystic fibrosis (CF) manifests in the lungs resulting in chronic microbial infection. Most morbidity and mortality in CF is due to cycles of pulmonary exacerbations-episodes of acute inflammation in response to the lung microbiome-which are difficult to prevent and treat because their cause is not well understood. We hypothesized that longitudinal analyses of the bacterial component of the CF lung microbiome may elucidate causative agents within this community for pulmonary exacerbations. In this study, 6 participants were sampled thrice-weekly for up to one year. During sampling, sputum, and data (antibiotic usage, spirometry, and symptom scores) were collected. Time points were categorized based on relation to exacerbation as Stable, Intermediate, and Treatment. Retrospectively, a subset of were interrogated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. When samples were examined categorically, a significant difference between the lung microbiota in Stable, Intermediate, and Treatment samples was observed in a subset of participants. However, when samples were examined longitudinally, no correlations between microbial composition and collected data (antibiotic usage, spirometry, and symptom scores) were observed upon exacerbation onset. In this study, we identified no universal indicator within the lung microbiome of exacerbation onset but instead showed that changes to the CF lung microbiome occur outside of acute pulmonary episodes and are patient-specific.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Cystic Fibrosis / drug therapy
  • Cystic Fibrosis / microbiology*
  • Cystic Fibrosis / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Lung / drug effects
  • Lung / microbiology*
  • Male
  • Microbiota* / drug effects
  • Spirometry

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from Cystic Fibrosis Canada to MGS and MDP. FJW is supported by a Cystic Fibrosis Canada Doctoral Studentship and a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Fredrick Banting and Charles Best Canadian Graduate Scholarship. MGS is supported as a Canada Research Chair in Interdisciplinary Microbiome Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.