Objective: To investigate the reproductive health status in female staff, and to develop labor protection strategies for female staff. Methods: From May to November, 2015, cluster sampling was performed in the industries of medicine and health, petrochemical engineering, metallurgy, railway, mechanical manufacturing, and electronics in seven provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions) . A questionnaire surveywas performed for female staff, and the investigation covered general information, occupational history andexposure to occupational hazards, and reproductive health and childbearing history. Results: A total of 14 614 usable questionnaires were collected, resulting in a response rate of 96.00%. The meanage of all female staff was 36 years. Of all female staff, 80.06% were married and 40.84% were exposed to hazardous factors; 28.14% had abnormal menstruation, and the female staff in theelectronics and railway industries had higher rates of abnormal menstruation (32.28% and 32.11%, respectively) . The overall rate of abnormal gynecological examination results was 18.29%, and the female staff in therailway industry had the highest rate (29.49%) . Of all female staff, 49.01% reported gynecological diseases in the past, among which hyperplasia of mammary glands accounted for 27.11% and inflammation in the reproductive system accounted for 36.31%. The medical staff had higher rates of abnormal menstruation (33.11%) and abnormal gynecological examination results (27.46%) compared with the staff engaged in other occupations. With normal sexual life and no contraceptive measures, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year infertility rates were 24.26%, 11.88%, and 8.88%, respectively. Conclusion: The female staff in the industries of medicine and health, railway, and electronics have serious reproductive health issues. Labor protection should be enhanced and working environment should be improved.
目的：调查了解女职工的生殖健康状况，探讨女职工劳动保护对策。 方法：于2015年5至11月，采用整群抽样方法，在7省（直辖市、自治区）的医药卫生、石油化工、冶金、铁路、机械制造、电子6个行业，对女职工开展问卷调查，调查内容包括基本情况、职业史和职业危害接触情况、生殖和生育情况3个方面。 结果：共收集有效问卷14 614份，有效率为96.00%；女职工平均年龄36岁，已婚占80.06%，工作中接触有害因素的女职工占40.84%；月经异常的女职工占28.14%，电子行业和铁路行业的女职工月经异常率较高，分别为32.28%和32.11%；妇科体检总体异常率为18.29%，铁路行业女职工妇科体检异常率较高，达29.49%；女职工自述曾患有妇科疾病的占49.01%，其中乳腺增生占27.11%，生殖系统炎症占36.31%。医护人员的月经异常率和妇科体检异常率高于其他职业人员，分别为33.11%和27.46%。有正常性生活而没有采取避孕措施的情况下，女职工1年不孕率为24.26%，2年不孕率11.88%，3年不孕率为8.88%。 结论：女职工生殖健康问题较严重，尤其是医药卫生、铁路和电子行业，应当加强女职工劳动保护，改善工作环境。.
Keywords: Female worker; Menstruation; Occupational hazards; Reproductive health.