Effects of pyrene exposure on immune response and oxidative stress in the pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii

Jia Xie; Chunfeng Zhao; Qian Han; Hailong Zhou; Qingxiao Li; Xiaoping Diao

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.032

Effects of pyrene exposure on immune response and oxidative stress in the pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii

Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2017 Apr:63:237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.032. Epub 2017 Feb 20.

Authors

Jia Xie¹, Chunfeng Zhao², Qian Han², Hailong Zhou³, Qingxiao Li⁴, Xiaoping Diao⁵

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of South China Sea Marine Resource Utilisation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17, Chunhui Rd, Laishan District, Yantai 264003, China.
² State Key Laboratory of South China Sea Marine Resource Utilisation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of South China Sea Marine Resource Utilisation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China. Electronic address: zhouhl@hainu.edu.cn.
⁴ Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of South China Sea Marine Resource Utilisation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China. Electronic address: diaoxip@hainu.edu.cn.

PMID: 28232194
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.032

Abstract

Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) commonly observed in aquatic ecosystems, which originates primarily from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and the use of petroleum compounds. Pyrene can cause the immune disturbance and oxidative stress, result in immunotoxicity, DNA damage, reduce reproduction significantly, and induce behavioral changes. Marine bivalves are commonly used as bioindicators for marine pollution, and hemolymph is a metabolite transfer medium for PAH pollutant. However, the vital immune indicator responses of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii hemolymph exposed to pyrene is still unclear. Thus, the immunotoxic responses of pyrene on the hemolymph of the Pinctada martensii were investigated in this study. After exposure to pyrene for 7 days, the total number of hemocytes (THC), cell membrane stability (CMS), phagocytic activity (PA) and total glutathione (GSH_T) all decreased significantly. Pyrene also caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). Median effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of pyrene on THC (4.5 μg L^-1) and LPO (5.2 μg L^-1) were lower than those for CMS (13.8 μg L^-1), PA (12.1 μg L^-1) and GSH_T (7.2 μg L^-1), which indicates that THC and LPO were more sensitive. Additionally, a clear dose-effect relationship indicated that pyrene stimulated a marked immune response, as well as oxidative stress in P. martensii, which demonstrates the subtle effects of pyrene exposure on marine invertebrates and the potential associated risk.

Keywords: Hemocyte; Immunotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Pinctada martensii; Pyrene.

MeSH terms

Animals
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Hemocytes / drug effects
Hemocytes / immunology
Hemolymph / drug effects
Hemolymph / immunology
Immunity, Innate / drug effects*
Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
Pinctada / drug effects
Pinctada / immunology*
Pyrenes / toxicity*
Water Pollutants, Chemical / toxicity*

Substances

Pyrenes
Water Pollutants, Chemical