Ca:Mg:Zn:CO3 and Ca:Mg:CO3-tri- and bi-elemental carbonate microparticles for novel injectable self-gelling hydrogel-microparticle composites for tissue regeneration

Biomed Mater. 2017 Mar 24;12(2):025015. doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/aa6200.

Abstract

Injectable composites for tissue regeneration can be developed by dispersion of inorganic microparticles and cells in a hydrogel phase. In this study, multifunctional carbonate microparticles containing different amounts of calcium, magnesium and zinc were mixed with solutions of gellan gum (GG), an anionic polysaccharide, to form injectable hydrogel-microparticle composites, containing Zn, Ca and Mg. Zn and Ca were incorporated into microparticle preparations to a greater extent than Mg. Microparticle groups were heterogeneous and contained microparticles of differing shape and elemental composition. Zn-rich microparticles were 'star shaped' and appeared to consist of small crystallites, while Zn-poor, Ca- and Mg-rich microparticles were irregular in shape and appeared to contain lager crystallites. Zn-free microparticle groups exhibited the best cytocompatibility and, unexpectedly, Zn-free composites showed the highest antibacterial activity towards methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Composites containing Zn-free microparticles were cytocompatible and therefore appear most suitable for applications as an injectable biomaterial. This study proves the principle of creating bi- and tri-elemental microparticles to induce the gelation of GG to create injectable hydrogel-microparticle composites.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 3T3 Cells
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Biocompatible Materials / administration & dosage
  • Biocompatible Materials / chemistry*
  • Calcium Carbonate / chemistry
  • Carbonates / chemistry*
  • Hydrogels / chemistry
  • Injections
  • Magnesium / chemistry
  • Materials Testing
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Mice
  • Microscopy, Electron
  • Osteoblasts / cytology
  • Particle Size
  • Polysaccharides, Bacterial / chemistry
  • Regeneration*
  • Rheology
  • Tissue Engineering / methods*
  • X-Ray Diffraction
  • Zinc Compounds / chemistry

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Biocompatible Materials
  • Carbonates
  • Hydrogels
  • Polysaccharides, Bacterial
  • Zinc Compounds
  • magnesium carbonate
  • gellan gum
  • zinc carbonate
  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Magnesium