Impact of Antibiotics on Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2017 Mar;46(1):61-76. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.09.010.

Abstract

Antibiotic treatment alters the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. These alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Recent studies are beginning to unravel the contribution of specific groups of microbes and their metabolic pathways to these diseases. Probiotics or other microbiota-targeted therapies may provide effect strategies to prevent and treat NEC and AAD.

Keywords: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea; Antibiotics; Clostridium difficile; Microbiome; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Probiotics.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / adverse effects*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Diarrhea / chemically induced*
  • Diarrhea / drug therapy
  • Diarrhea / microbiology
  • Dysbiosis / chemically induced
  • Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / drug therapy*
  • Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / microbiology
  • Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / prevention & control
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Probiotics / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents