Treatment of Pre-pubertal Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency: Patterns in Growth Hormone Dosage and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Z-scores

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2017 Sep 1;9(3):208-215. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.4125. Epub 2017 Feb 2.

Abstract

Objective: To describe the range of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) z-score values (IGF-Iz) and growth hormone (GH) dose adjustments in pre-pubertal patients with GH deficiency (GHD) treated with GH in a single tertiary care center.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of GH-treated patients of ages ≤9 years with GHD, seen in an endocrinology clinic in 2013-2014. Patient demographics and pre-treatment anthropometrics, GH treatment duration, IGF-Iz, and GH dosage (mg/kg/week) were extracted. Multipredictor linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between IGF-Iz and GH dosage and subject gender, race, insurance type, age, and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio of direction of GH dose adjustment (decrease/no change versus increase) and IGF-Iz category based on patient clinical characteristics, accounting for provider random effect.

Results: Forty-one percent (57/139) of IGF-Iz were outside the "normal" range of between -2 and +2 standard deviation; the majority of IGF-Iz beyond the "normal" range (93%) were supraphysiologic [>+2 standard deviation score (SDS)]. Of the IGF-Iz >+2, 10/53 (18%) were followed by a GH dose increase and 30/53 (57%) had no dose change. Patient clinical characteristics and demographics did not significantly increase the odds of being in the IGF-Iz >+2 SDS category or having a dose increase in multipredictor logistic regression models.

Conclusion: GH dosages and IGF-Iz varied, without significant patient clinical predictors. IGF-Iz was frequently supraphysiologic, and these levels often did not prompt a reduction in GH dose, likely influenced by a variety of factors. Our study emphasizes the need for better understanding of long-term safety and efficacy of maintaining supraphysiologic levels of IGF-Iz.

Keywords: Growth; growth hormone deficiency; growth hormone therapy clinical decision making.; insulin-like growth factor-I.

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Dwarfism, Pituitary / drug therapy*
  • Female
  • Human Growth Hormone / administration & dosage*
  • Humans
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / analysis*
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Human Growth Hormone
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I