Objective: Kawasaki disease (KD) occurs via activation of the innate immune system. Nucleotide oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1) is a pattern recognition receptor regulating the innate immunity. We characterized histopathology of arteritis induced by FK565, a ligand for NOD1, in mice, compared with Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS)-induced model.
Methods: Vasculitis was induced by injection of FK565 or CAWS into C57BL6/J mice (n = 9 and n = 11, respectively). At 4 weeks, they were sacrificed, and plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured.
Results: FK565 injection induced vasculitis mainly involving bilateral coronary arteries whereas the aortic root was diffusely affected in CAWS mice. In FK565 animals, the abdominal aorta and its branching arteries also exhibited inflammation with atherosclerosis. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5 and RANTES were increased in FK565 group whereas IL-6, IL-13, G-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were higher in CAWS animals (p < .05 for all variables). The total area of inflammation in FK565 mice appeared to correlate with IL-1β levels (r = 0.71, p = .05).
Conclusions: Histopathology of FK565-induced model demonstrated 'site-specific' coronary arteritis mimicking KD. This histopathological difference from CAWS model may be due to different cytokine expression profiles.
Keywords: Arteritis; Kawasaki disease; Nod1; cytokines; innate immunity.